[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/stezejni-vynalezy-20-stoleti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/stezejni-vynalezy-20-stoleti\/","headline":"St\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy 20. stolet\u00ed","name":"St\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy 20. stolet\u00ed","description":"Ve 20. stolet\u00ed byl v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd. P\u0159inesl hodn\u011b p\u0159elomov\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby i denn\u011b. Jak\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy n\u00e1m p\u0159inesla v\u011bda a v\u00fdzkum ve 20. stolet\u00ed?P\u0159e\u010d\u00edst","datePublished":"2019-09-04","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bac9badfec1c8ddbfb42cc2a45bdd424bcac2f01b51b95470cbfd0bab9e793fd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/bac9badfec1c8ddbfb42cc2a45bdd424bcac2f01b51b95470cbfd0bab9e793fd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"molekul.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355210_w3706_t1569660153.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a355210_w3706_t1569660153.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/stezejni-vynalezy-20-stoleti\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":404,"articleBody":"Ve 20. stolet\u00ed byl v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd. P\u0159inesl hodn\u011b p\u0159elomov\u00fdch objev\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby i denn\u011b. Jak\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy n\u00e1m p\u0159inesla v\u011bda a v\u00fdzkum ve 20. stolet\u00ed?\tPenicilin\tPenicilin je prvn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 antibiotikum, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1zalo zachr\u00e1nit miliony \u017eivot\u016f na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. K objevu do\u0161lo v roce 1928 naprostou n\u00e1hodou. Alexander Fleming – Skotsk\u00fd bakteriolog pracoval v Lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 nemocnici na v\u00fdzkumu vyu\u017eit\u00ed biologick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Jednoho dne zapomn\u011bl uklidit v laborato\u0159i jednu z Petriho misek s kultivac\u00ed stafylokokov\u00e9 bakterie. V misce se b\u011bhem jeho dovolen\u00e9 vytvo\u0159ila pl\u00edse\u0148, kter\u00e1 zahubila kolem sebe stafylokokov\u00e9 bakterie. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u0161lo o v\u011bdce, pustil se do b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a tak vznikl penicilin.\t\tAtomov\u00e1 bomba\tAtomov\u00e1 bomba nen\u00ed zrovna reprezentativn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco ten p\u0159edchoz\u00ed spoustu lid\u00ed zachr\u00e1nil, tento jich spoustu zahubil. Na konstrukci pracovali ti nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdci. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi a Robert Oppenheimer. Zkonstruovan\u00e9 bomby prob\u011bhly testy v pou\u0161ti v Nov\u00e9m Mexiku a pot\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\tAntikoncepce\tAntikoncep\u010dn\u00ed pilulky byly vynalezeny po\u010d\u00e1tkem pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Vynalezl je americk\u00fd chemik Carl Djerassi, kter\u00fd synteticky vyrobil hormon norethisteron. Ten se stal z\u00e1kladem t\u011bchto pilulek. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b je takzvan\u00e1 hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed antikoncepce jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ve vysp\u011bl\u00e9 civilizaci, spousta \u017een ji\u017e od nich ustupuje kv\u016fli pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00fdm ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, p\u0159ib\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed na v\u00e1ze a ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed plodnosti.\t\tMotorov\u00e9 letadlo\tV roce 1903 bylo vytvo\u0159eno prvn\u00ed motorov\u00e9 letadlo. Vymysleli jej brat\u0159i Wilbur a Orvill Wrightov\u00e9. Jej\u00edch letadlo bylo postaveno ze d\u0159eva a l\u00e1tky. Dv\u011b tla\u010dn\u00e9 vrtule, byly rozt\u00e1\u010deny dvan\u00e1ctikolov\u00fd motor vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdroby. Dok\u00e1zal vzl\u00e9tnout jen z pevn\u00e9 kolejnice. Po n\u00ed\u017e jej t\u00e1hl voz\u00edk. Letadlo toti\u017e nem\u011blo pevn\u00fd podvozek. Nedalo se t\u00edm p\u00e1dem vyu\u017e\u00edt jinde ne\u017e na leti\u0161ti, kter\u00e9 pro n\u011bj bylo p\u0159\u00edmo ur\u010deno. Jednalo se v\u0161ak o p\u0159elomov\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez, kter\u00fd inspiroval spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (7 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"St\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezy 20. stolet\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.molekul.cz\/stezejni-vynalezy-20-stoleti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]